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Unit 2 Book 1 Language Points

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-6-26 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機版

重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)用法

1.Once [w)ns]

1)adv.

(1)one time一次

①He has only been to Shanghai once. 他只到過(guò)一次上海。

②I remember that I went there once or twice before.

我記得我以前到那兒去過(guò)一、二次。

(2)at sometime in the past從前;曾經(jīng)

①This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.

這是魯迅曾經(jīng)居住過(guò)的房子。

②He was once a college student, now he is a doctor.

他曾經(jīng)是位大學(xué)生,現在是醫生。

2)conj. as soon as一旦……就……

①Once you show any fear, he will attack you.

只要你顯出害怕的樣子,他就會(huì )向你進(jìn)攻。

②Once you put your heart into your study, you will make great progress.

你一旦用心學(xué)習,你就會(huì )取得巨大進(jìn)步。

2.follow['f&l+u] vt. 跟隨;聽(tīng)得清;接受(作為指導或榜樣)

①Follow me, please. 請跟我學(xué)。

②English will be followed by mathematics. 英語(yǔ)課后,將上數學(xué)課。

③The teacher spoke so fast that I couldn't follow her.

老師講得那么快,以至于我沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂。

④ I didn't quite follow you, could you say it again?

我沒(méi)有十分聽(tīng)懂,你能再講一遍嗎?

⑤This is a good piece of advice for us to follow.

這是一條我們應該接受的好建議。

【注意】 following為形容詞,意為“接著(zhù)的”。例如:

①I(mǎi)n the following days he often came to see us.

在隨后的日子里,他經(jīng)常來(lái)看我們。

②He didn't get up until the following week.

他一直到第二個(gè)星期才起床。

3.從屬連詞unless的用法

unless用作從屬連詞,引導一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,相當于if…not,常譯為“如果……不……”“非……不可”“除非”

unless是具有否定意義的連接詞,因此當使用unless引導從句時(shí)其謂語(yǔ)形式一般是用肯定形式。使用unless引導條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),要注意以下幾點(diǎn):

1)unless相當于 if…not,兩者常可交替使用。例如:

①Unless the rain stops,I shall not go out for a walk.(=If the rain doesn't stop, I shall not go out for a walk.)

倘若雨不停,我就不出去散步了。

2)如 if…not引導非真實(shí)條件句時(shí),一般不可改為 unless。例如:

①I(mǎi)f he weren't so silly, he would understand.

如果他不傻的話(huà),他會(huì )明白(事實(shí)上他很傻)。

3)如果unless引導的從句本身是否定形式,unless就不能由if…not所替代。例如:

①You'll do well in the English examination unless you don't do your homework. 這次英語(yǔ)考試你會(huì )考得好的,除非你平時(shí)不做作業(yè)。

4.a(chǎn)llow/permit/promise的用法及區別

1)allow為一般用語(yǔ),側重于“默許”,正式的許可需用permit,側重正面的“允許”,語(yǔ)氣比allow強。例如:

Smoking is not allowed here. 此處不許抽煙。

Smoking is not permitted here. 此處禁止抽煙。

【注意】

(1)permit和allow兩者可以互換,前者較為正式。如:

①Permit(Allow)me to congratulate you on your success.

請允許我祝賀你的成功。

(2)permit后若是動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ),這一動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式(動(dòng)名詞),而不用不定式。如:

①The guard didn't permit entering the camp. 衛兵不允許進(jìn)入營(yíng)地。

2)promise可用作動(dòng)詞。意為“允諾”,“答應”,和permit, allow意思不一樣。

試比較:

①His mother allowed him to join the army.

他母親允許他參軍。(主語(yǔ)允許賓語(yǔ)“他”去參軍)

②His mother promised him to join the army.

他母親向他允諾去參軍。(主語(yǔ)向賓語(yǔ)允諾“她”去參軍)

【注意】promise也可用作名詞。如:make a promise許諾;keep(carry out)

a promise遵守(履行)諾言;break a promise不守諾言。

5.介詞with的兩種用法

1)with表示“具有”,“帶有”。例如:

①China is a country with a long history. 中國是一個(gè)歷史悠久的國家。

②She is a girl with black eyes. 她是一位長(cháng)著(zhù)黑眼睛的女孩。

2)with表示“用”。例如:

①Men work with their hands. 人用手勞動(dòng)。

②Our teacher told us to make sentences with these phrases.

我們老師叫我們用這些詞組造句。

6.glass[gla:s]n.

作為不可數名詞,意思是“玻璃”。作為可數名詞,意思是“玻璃杯”,“鏡子”。作“眼鏡”講時(shí),用復數。如:

①These bottles are made of glass. 這些瓶子是用玻璃做的。

②There are four glasses on the table. 桌子上有四個(gè)玻璃杯。

③Sometimes our teacher of English wears(a pair of)glasses.

有時(shí)我們英語(yǔ)老師戴(一副)眼鏡。

7.a(chǎn)s和like的用法

as與like都作連詞,后接方式狀語(yǔ)從句,意思也一樣,都作“如像”,“同……一樣”解。例如:

①Nobody loves you like I do, baby. 孩子,誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有像我這樣疼你。

一般說(shuō),如果要說(shuō)明人與人,物與物,動(dòng)作與動(dòng)作,狀態(tài)與狀態(tài)之間有相似之處,可用以用as,也可以用like。但as是連詞,后跟從句;而like是介詞,后跟名詞或代詞。例如:

②Jane is a fine dancer, as her sister is.

簡(jiǎn)是一名出色的舞蹈家,和她姐姐一樣。

③Jane isn't much like her sister. 簡(jiǎn)不太像她姐姐。

【注意】as也可作介詞,后跟名詞,構成介詞短語(yǔ),其作用同like的介詞短語(yǔ)一樣,意思也相近,但又有區別,as有“作為”的意思,like作“如,像”解。例如:

①Let me speak to you as a teacher. 我是教師,并以此身份來(lái)跟你談話(huà)。

②Let me speak to you like your father.

我并非是你的父親,但以父親的口吻同你談話(huà)。

8.enough[i'n)f]的基本用法

enough可以用作形容詞(adj.),副詞(adv.)和代詞(pron.)。

1)enough用作副詞,充當形容詞或副詞修飾語(yǔ),但必須后置。例如:

①He walks slowly enough. 他走得夠慢得了。

②This article is difficult enough to write. 這篇文章夠難寫(xiě)得了。

2)enough用作代詞,既可代表可數名詞,也可代表不可數名詞。例如:

②A(yíng)t the end of six months he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Russian. 六個(gè)月底,他已經(jīng)學(xué)得足以用俄語(yǔ)讀文章和報告了。

3)enough用作形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),可修飾可數名詞或不可數名詞,可放在被修飾的名詞前或后。例如:

①There are enough seats(seats enough)for them all.

有足夠的座位讓他們都坐下。

②I have enough time(time enough)to finish the work.

我有足夠的時(shí)間來(lái)完成這項工作。

9.show [M+u]

作“解釋?zhuān)痉丁苯?to explain or make clear to sb. by words or especially actions),后跟“how +不定式短語(yǔ)”結構,作直接賓語(yǔ)。例如:

①The teacher showed the students how to make the mixture.

教師教學(xué)生如何配制這種混合物。

②The farmer showed us how to sow the seeds.

那位農民教我們如何播種。

【注意】show還可以表示“出示”(to offer for seeing),“顯露”(to appear),“帶領(lǐng)”(to go with and guide)。

①He showed his ticket. 他出示他的車(chē)票。

②His happiness is showed in his smile.

他的喜悅心情顯露在他的微笑里。

③Mr Zhu is showing the students the chemistry lab.

朱先生帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生參觀(guān)化學(xué)實(shí)驗室。

10.lend和borrow的區別

lend是“借出”,表示把東西借給某人,而borrow是借入,表示“從某人那里借東西”。lend后跟兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),或者用介詞短語(yǔ) to sb.; borrow后跟

一個(gè)賓語(yǔ),或者用介詞 from sb.。例如:

①I(mǎi) lent Jack my new car. / I lent my new car to Jack. 我把新汽車(chē)借給杰克了。

②I borrowed a new car(from Jack).

我從杰克那里借了一部新汽車(chē)。

重要詞組短語(yǔ)

1.first of all為常用短語(yǔ),意為“首先”。例如:

①First of all, I know clearly what I study English for.

首先,我清楚地知道我學(xué)英語(yǔ)的目的。

②First of all, we must pay more attention to our handwriting. 首先,我們必須更加注意我們的書(shū)法。

2.“not…without…”是一種雙重否定,雙重否定的含義表示肯定概念。意為“只有……才”,“沒(méi)有……就不……”。例如:

①Don't begin without asking for advice.

征求意見(jiàn)以后再著(zhù)手。(未征詢(xún)意見(jiàn)前不要開(kāi)始。)

②He can't speak English without making mistakes.

他一說(shuō)英語(yǔ)就出錯。

③Fish can't live without water. 魚(yú)兒離不開(kāi)水。

④We couldn't get much progress in our studies without your help. 沒(méi)有你的幫助,我們就不會(huì )取得學(xué)習上這么大的進(jìn)步。

3.fill…with… 意為“用……裝滿(mǎn)(注滿(mǎn),填滿(mǎn))……”。例如:

①Please fill the bank with petrol. 請給油箱加滿(mǎn)油。

②They have filled a hole with sand and mud. 他們用泥沙把一個(gè)洞填滿(mǎn)了。

full為形容詞,be full of… 裝滿(mǎn)……。例如:

③The glass is full of water. 玻璃杯裝滿(mǎn)了水。

4.instead of意為“代替;而不是”,相當于in place of,其后可接動(dòng)詞-ing形式,代詞,介詞短語(yǔ)等。例如:

①The old woman went to the park on Sunday instead of staying at home.

這老太太星期天去公園,而不是呆在家里。

②He went there on foot instead of by bus.

他步行去那里,而不是乘公共汽車(chē)去。

③You should be out instead of in on this fine day.

在這樣好天氣里,你應該出去,而不應呆在屋子里。

④That has increased instead of decreased our courage.

那使我們的勇氣大增而不是減退。

【注意】instead 與 instead of不同。instead為副詞,一般放在句末,否定上文提到的事物,而instead of則為介詞,一般放在句首或句中,否定of后面的賓語(yǔ)。例如:

①Last summer I went to Qingdao. This summer I'm going to Weihai instead.

去年夏天我去了青島,今年夏天我去威海。

(其意思等于:Instead of going to Qingdao, I'm going to Weihai this summer.)

②If Mary is not well enough to go with you, take me instead. 如果瑪麗身體還

不好,不能跟你去,就帶我去吧!

③You can take me with you instead of Mary.

你可以不帶瑪麗而帶我去。

5.make sure 意為“感到確信無(wú)疑,確信”(=feel sure, do what is necessary in order to feel sure),其后常跟一個(gè)that引導的賓語(yǔ)從句,that可以省略。例如:

①I(mǎi)t is said that there will be a lecture on computer tonight, but we'd better make sure.據說(shuō)今天晚上有個(gè)關(guān)于電腦的講座,可我們最好弄清楚。

②Make sure that the lights are turned off before you leave home.

離家前要確保已經(jīng)關(guān)燈。

常用句型結構

 

1.“make +名詞/代詞+形容詞”是很有用的句型,make的意思是“使”。

例如:

①We'll do everything that we can to make him happy. 我們將盡力使他高興。

②I know nothing about it. I want to make it clear to you. 我要向你講明,我(一點(diǎn)兒也)不知道這件事。

③We must have plenty of exercises every day and make ourselves strong and healthy. 我們每天必須進(jìn)行足夠的鍛煉,使身體強健。

2.What about when we leave? What about…? ……怎么樣?……怎么回事”?例如:

①What about going out for a drink?

出去喝一杯怎么樣?

②What about the time when we meet again?

下次見(jiàn)面定在什么時(shí)間?

這句也可以用How about…? 通常可以理解為:What do you think about…? 的簡(jiǎn)略形式;一般用來(lái)征求對方的看法或詢(xún)問(wèn)對方的意見(jiàn)。

3.Don't touch anything unless your teacher tells you to. not…unless…不……就不;只是……才能。例:

①I(mǎi) won't believe it unless I have seen it with my own eyes. 我要親眼看到才相信。

②Do not enter the lab unless you are allowed to. 只有經(jīng)過(guò)允許才能進(jìn)入實(shí)驗室。

③I can't do it myself unless you help me. 除非你幫助我,不然我無(wú)法自己做。

【注意】unless在意思上比較接近if…not, 但語(yǔ)氣比 if… not重,一般只用在將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)中。且從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用一般現在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。在使用中要注意和until, before, after的區別。例如:You can not really understand it unless you read it carefully.=You can not really understand it if you do not read it carefully.

再如:He did not leave the house until his father returned. 這一句中的until不能換為unless, 因為unless只能用在將來(lái)時(shí)中,意為“除非……”,引導條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

 

Language Points for Unit 1

Language Points for Unit 2

Language Points for Unit 3

Language Points for Unit 4

Language Points for Unit 5

Language Points for Unit 6

Language Points for Unit 7

Language Points for Unit 8

Language Points for Unit 9

Language Points for Unit 10

Language Points for Unit 11

Language Points for Unit 12

Language Points for Unit 13

Language Points for Unit 14

 

 

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