【教學(xué)目標】

1. 談?wù)摽茖W(xué)和科學(xué)家（talk about science and scientists）

2. 練習描寫(xiě)人物并展開(kāi)辯論(Practice describing people and debating)

3. 進(jìn)一步學(xué)習動(dòng)詞不定式（Learn more about the infinitive）

【單元內容概述】

本單元的中心話(huà)題是 “科學(xué)家”， 具體涉及科學(xué)家的名言、軼事、科學(xué)家的成功之道、如何向科學(xué)家學(xué)習等。 語(yǔ)言技能和語(yǔ)言知識幾乎都圍繞介紹 “科學(xué)家” 這一中心話(huà)題設計的。

1. 單詞

undertake analysis obvious within agriculture gravity curious branch debate scan boundary graduate resaech weelchair disable theory seek misunderstand scientific observe match predict unhappiness crime astronomer microscope telescope heaven intelligent patient experiment

2. 詞組

work on go by go on with dream of turn out use up be satisfied with take a look at what if the other way round

3. 功能英語(yǔ)

1） 描述人物 （Describing people）

The scientist is curious and careful.

He is also intelligent and patient.

… you are twenty-one years old and a promising graduated student…

2） 辯論 （Debating）

I think biology is the most important and useful science because…

That’s correct. That’s true

It’s clear that… I doubt that…

It’s hard to say. Well, maybe, but…

There’s no doult that… What’s your idea?

Have you thought about…?

4. 語(yǔ)法

動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)：

To obey the law is everyone’s duty. (作主語(yǔ))

Scientists try to describe and explain what we see. (作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ))

That will be the only thing to do now. (作定語(yǔ))

Learn from the past mistakes to avoid the future ones. (作狀語(yǔ),表示目的)

We were surprised to find him there. (作狀語(yǔ),表示原因)

重、難點(diǎn)知識講解

一. 重點(diǎn)單詞與詞組

1．undertake vt. & vi. (undertook, undertaken)

（1）著(zhù)手工作[start on (work)]，擔任職位（take up a position）.

　　 He undertook a revolutionary task then.

　　 他當時(shí)從事一項革命工作.（undertake. sth.）

　　 He undertook a journey.

他準備旅行。

（2）承擔；接受；同意；保證

　　 We should undertake the responsibility for changes.

　　 我們應該承擔起改革的責任。（承擔）

　　 He undertook to be our guide.

　　 他同意做我們的向導。（undertake to be …同意）

　　 （相當于promise /agree）

　　 He undertook to improve the working arrangements.

　　 他答應改善工作方式。

　　 （undertake to do sth.相當于promise /agree to do sth.）

　　 I will undertake that all the cattle will grow well.

我保證所有的牲畜都能長(cháng)得好。（undertake that…保證…）

2． curious adj.

（1）好奇的；好求知的（eager to know /learn）.

　　 A good student should always be curious to learn.

　　 好學(xué)生應有求知欲。（be curious to do sth）

（2）好管閑事的，愛(ài)打聽(tīng)隱私的（having /showing too much interest in other people's affairs）

He was so curious to know what was in the letter that he opened it; even though it was addressed to his father.

雖然，信是寄給他父親收的，但他對信的內容十分好奇，就把它折開(kāi)看了。（be curious to do sth）

（3）古怪的；奇怪的；奇特的；不尋常的（strange, unusual）

　　 This is a curious piece of 19th century art.

　　 這是一部稀罕的十九世紀藝術(shù)品。

　　 派生詞：curiously adv.

　　 Curiously (enough), he seemed to know that already.

真奇怪，那件事他好像知道了。

3． branch n.（學(xué)科）分科；樹(shù)枝；支流；支線(xiàn)；分支機構

Some birds settled on the branches of a big tree.

一些鳥(niǎo)棲息在一棵大樹(shù)的枝頭上。（樹(shù)枝）

The Han River is a branch of the Changjiang River.

漢水是長(cháng)江的支流。（支流）

You can find a branch road /railway in front of you.

你可在眼前發(fā)現一個(gè)道路/鐵路支線(xiàn)。（支線(xiàn)）

Physics is a branch of science.

物理學(xué)是一門(mén)科學(xué)。（分科）

Our business has branches in many cities.

我們在許多城市設有分店。（分支機構）

He comes from a branch of our family that settled in America.

他來(lái)自我們定居美國的家族的一支。（分支）

相關(guān)搭配：

a Party branch 黨支部

a League branch團支部

a general Party branch黨總支

a branch office分局；分店

4． debate n. 辯論；爭論

vt. 與……辯論；爭論

vi.辯論；爭論；參加辯論

There will be a long debate before the new law is passed.

新法令通過(guò)以前要先作一次長(cháng)的辯論。（n.）

I debated upon /about the question with Mary.

我跟瑪麗辯論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。（v.）

與upon /about 連用，構成詞組：

debate upon /about sth with sb或debate with sb upon /about sth.

與某人辯論某問(wèn)題

They debated the question at the meeting yesterday.

昨天他們在會(huì )議上辯論了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。（vt.）

另外，此詞也可指心理的思想的斗爭，可作“考慮，思考”講，如：

I debated the idea in my mind until I fell asleep.

我入睡前心中一再思考這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

派生詞：debater n.好爭辯者；精于爭辯者

5． work on

（1）繼續工作　例如：

　 They have been working on the problem these five years.

　 這五年來(lái)他們一直致力于解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

（2）對……做工作，對……施加影響例如：

　 Work on your father until he agrees.

　 做做你父親的工作，直到他同意為止。

（3）影響

　 A child's tears always work on his mother's feeling.

　 孩子的眼淚總是影響其母親的情緒。

6． research vt. & vi.調查、研究、探索（into, on）

They researched on /into the effects of cigarette smoking.

他們研究了抽煙的影響。（research on /into sth. vi.）

We are researching a subject.

我們正在研究一個(gè)專(zhuān)題。（research sth. vt.）

This book has been very well researched.

這本書(shū)的研究做得很深入。（vt.）

n.（1）研究，探討（[ U ]）

　　　 They will do some research on disease of the blood.

　　　 他們將研究血液疾病。（do research on /into sth.）

　　　 They are working on a piece of research.

　　　 他們正從事一項研究。

　（2）一項研究成果（[ C ]）

　　　 They carried out a research into the causes of brain damage.

　　　 他們進(jìn)行了腦傷原因的研究。

　　　 My researches were directed towards finding a cure for headaches.

我的研究目標是治頭疼的方法。

7． seek vt. & vi.(sought, sought) 尋找，探索，追求（after, for）

We sought after the truth in the matter.

我們尋找事情的真相。（seek after sth.. vi.）

They were seeking among his untidy papers for the right one.

他們正在雜亂的文件堆中找尋著(zhù)要的那一份。（seek…for…　vi）

You could seek shelter from the rain.

你能尋找避雨之所。（seek sth　vt.）

You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter.

這件事情你應該請教你的律師。（請求，要求）

They sought to punish him for his crime but he escaped.

他們試圖將他治罪，但他逃走了。（嘗試，試圖，try）

其它用法：

（1）自然地移往（to move naturally towards）

　　　 Water seeks its own level.

　　　 水自然往下流。

　　　 The compass pointer always seeks the north.

　　　 羅盤(pán)的指針總是指向北方。

（2）not far to seek不難了解的；淺近的（easily seen /understood; at hand）

　　 The reason for his failure was not far to seek, he was ill during the examination.

他不及格的原因不難理解，他在考試時(shí)病了。

8． observe vt.觀(guān)察，看到，注意到（see and notice; watch carefully）

She has observed the stars all her life.

她一生觀(guān)察星體。

They observed the thief stealing /steal the money.

他們看見(jiàn)這個(gè)小偷偷了錢(qián)。（observe sb do /doing sth.）

二、重難點(diǎn)句子

1． Scientists, on the other hand, Hawking writes, know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong.

　　霍金寫(xiě)道，從另一個(gè)方面說(shuō)，科學(xué)家知道他們的工作永遠是無(wú)止境的，即使是最好的理論也可能被證明是錯誤的。

（1）on the other hand 與Hawking writes 均為本句的插語(yǔ)，原句應為：

　　 Hawking writes scientists, on the other hand, know that…, scientists know that…是writes 的整個(gè)賓語(yǔ)主句，that their job…　則又是賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 knows 所引導的另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。

（2）…and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong 是writes 引導的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know引導的第二個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)從句。在英語(yǔ)中，賓語(yǔ)從句的引導詞that可以被省略，但如果一個(gè)動(dòng)詞引導兩個(gè)以上并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第二個(gè)及以后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的that不可省略。例如：

　　 He said that he would come back soon and that he would continue to learn drawing.

　　 他說(shuō)他馬上就會(huì )回來(lái)的，而且會(huì )繼續學(xué)習繪畫(huà)的。

（3）turn out“結果（是）；證明（是）；原來(lái)（是）”（to happen to be in the end）往往指結果與所預想的或表面上的不一致。例如：

　　 His answer turned out to be wrong.

　　 他的答案被證明是錯誤的。（turn out to be…）

　　 The party turned out a success.

　　 聚會(huì )很成功。（turn out sth）

　　 He turned out to live in Hastings.

　　 原來(lái)他住在黑斯廷斯。（turn out to do）

　　 It's turned out nice and sunny again.

（天氣）終于又是陽(yáng)光普照了。

2． By asking why, how and what if, curious mind find new ideas and solutions.

通過(guò)不停地問(wèn)自已為什么，如何運作和盤(pán)根究底的假設，這個(gè)求知的人終于找到新的主意及方法了。

what if倘使…將會(huì )怎樣；即使…又有什么要緊。

例如：

What if we move the picture over here? Do you think it'll look better?

把畫(huà)移到這兒會(huì )怎樣？你看會(huì )不會(huì )好看一點(diǎn)？

What if you should fail?

假如你失敗了，該怎么辦呢？

What if he fails?

如果他失敗又有什么關(guān)系？

高考解析

1、I have worked with children before, so I know what _______ in my new job.（2000 NMET）

A．expected　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B．to expect

C．to be expected　　　　　　　　　　　 D．expects

命題目的：考查“What to expect”中的不定式在句中做賓語(yǔ).

解題方法：

此題答案為B.“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”常相當于名詞的作用，在句中充當主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。所以此題可排除A、D。而這個(gè)不定式的動(dòng)詞 except 與 what 構成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應用不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義，所以排除Ｃ。

2、It is ________ that he has left out _______ “n”in the word “government”.

A．obvious; an　　　　　　　　　　　 　B．obviously; a

C．clear; the　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．clearly; a

命題目的：句型及冠詞的用法.

解題方法：

　　 此題答案為A。第一空用在句型It is obvious /clear that…表示“很顯然”，此句型相當于Obviously /Clearly…；第二空在元音音素前，用不定冠詞“an”。

3、－Will you go to ask him for help?

　 －But ______ he is busy?

A．when　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B．once

C．what if　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．what

命題目的：考查what if的用法.

解題方法：

　　此題答案為C。“what if”表示“假如……的話(huà)，該怎么辦？”又如：What if the earth broke up?如果地球爆炸了，會(huì )怎么樣呢？

同步測試

一、單項填空：從下面所給A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項中，選出可以填入空白處的正確答案。

( )1．The old man _____ our guide.

A．a(chǎn)cted　 B．undertook as C．undertook to be　 D．worked

( )2．－Is the table free? －Sorry, it is already______.

A．seated B．bought C．busy D．engaged

( ) 3．To learn to speak a foreign language well, ______.

A．much practice is needed by one B．much practice will be needed

C．one needs much practice D．one is needed with practice

( ) 4．It is better to lose one's life than _____.

A．if you lose your spirit B．losing his spirit

C．to lose one's spirit D．your spirit getting lost

( ) 5．In front of the farmhouse, they met a little boy ______ a branch to make a walking stick.

A．who was working on B．that working at

C．who worked at D．was working on

( ) 6．We will have to ______ each other to see whether art is more important than science.

A．discuss　 B．talk with C．a(chǎn)rgue　 D．debate

( ) 7．______ I had read the books on the reading list before I attended the lecture!

A．Only if　 B．Even if C．If only　 D．What if

( ) 8．Don't be unhappy. With time _____, you will get a higher pay.

A．going by　 B．goes by C．went by　 D．has gone by

( ) 9．He was not satisfied with a paper map. ______, he built a model that could move to show how the position of the stars changed from season to season

A．Instead of　 B．Therefore C．However　 D．Anyhow

( )10．－Why doesn't he make notes?

　　 －He has no pen _____. He seems ______ it.

A．to write, to forget bringing B．to write, to forget to bring

C．to write with, to have forgotten to bring D．to use with, to have forgotten

( )11．They used up all their money to _____ their lost son.

A．seek　 B．seek out C．search D．look search of

( )12．_____ is no doubt that he will get the present he has always dreamt ____.

A．There; of B．It; about C．There; to D．It; of

( )13．Only if you can keep it secret ______ tell you all about the matter.

A．I will B．will I C．do I D．I shall

答案及提示

1．C. undertake to be“擔當（職位），作為（身份）”，相當于act as或work as.

2．D. 根據上下文可知說(shuō)話(huà)人想知道“這餐桌是不是空的”。engaged指“被合用”之意。

3．C. 不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)應為人，即排除A、B、D為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不合句意。

4．C. 不定式指代形式主語(yǔ)it，又因為前面是to lose one’s life，為不定式形式，所以要求形式上的統一。

5．A. 為定語(yǔ)修飾先行詞boy，根據上下文應強調當時(shí)的情景。B、D語(yǔ)法上均錯誤。C時(shí)態(tài)不是最佳。

6．D. discuss“討論”，句型為：discuss sth with sb

argue “爭論”，句型為：argue with sb about /over sth.

Talk with sb“與……交談”。根據本題之意，應為“辯論”。

可說(shuō)：debate sb.（與某人辯論），也可說(shuō)debate with sb about /upon sth

7．C. If only“如果……就好了”后面可接真實(shí)及虛擬語(yǔ)氣。本句是一與過(guò)去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。意思是“如果我在參加這次講座之前，讀了閱讀目錄上的文章就好了”。

8．A. with＋復合賓語(yǔ)，time與后面的動(dòng)詞是主謂關(guān)系，即用現在分詞。

9．B. 根據上下文，這應該是上文的原因的必然結果。

10．C. 不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾pen.因為：He must write with a pen.須用to write with .seem后須用不定式.

11．A. seek sb“尋找某人”相當于seek for /search for.

12．A. There is no doubt that…是固定句型，“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)”，dream of“夢(mèng)想，渴望”。

13．B. “only＋狀語(yǔ)從句”位于句首時(shí)，主句須用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。